Topic 4: Exam Pool D
A company wants to move from many standalone AWS accounts to a consolidated, multi- account architecture The company plans to create many new AWS accounts for different business units. The company needs to authenticate access to these AWS accounts by using a centralized corporate directory service. Which combination of actions should a solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
A. Create a new organization in AWS Organizations with all features turned on. Create the new AWS accounts in the organization.
B. Set up an Amazon Cognito identity pool. Configure AWS 1AM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to accept Amazon Cognito authentication.
C. Configure a service control policy (SCP) to manage the AWS accounts. Add AWS 1AM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to AWS Directory Service.
D. Create a new organization in AWS Organizations. Configure the organization's authentication mechanism to use AWS Directory Service directly.
E. Set up AWS 1AM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) in the organization. Configure 1AM Identity Center, and integrate it with the company's corporate directory service.
Explanation: AWS Organizations is a service that helps users centrally manage and govern multiple AWS accounts. It allows users to create organizational units (OUs) to group accounts based on business needs or other criteria. It also allows users to define and attach service control policies (SCPs) to OUs or accounts to restrict the actions that can be performed by the accounts1. By creating a new organization in AWS Organizations with all features turned on, the solution can consolidate and manage the new AWS accounts for different business units. AWS IAM Identity Center (formerly known as AWS Single Sign-On) is a service that provides single sign-on access for all of your AWS accounts and cloud applications. It connects with Microsoft Active Directory through AWS Directory Service to allow users in that directory to sign in to a personalized AWS access portal using their existing Active Directory user names and passwords. From the AWS access portal, users have access to all the AWS accounts and cloud applications that they have permissions for2. By setting up IAM Identity Center in the organization and integrating it with the company’s corporate directory service, the solution can authenticate access to these AWS accounts using a centralized corporate directory service. Set up an Amazon Cognito identity pool. Configure AWS 1AM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to accept Amazon Cognito authentication. This solution will not meet the requirement of authenticating access to these AWS accounts by using a centralized corporate directory service, as Amazon Cognito is a service that provides user sign-up, sign-in, and access control for web and mobile applications, not for corporate directory services3. Configure a service control policy (SCP) to manage the AWS accounts. Add AWS 1AM Identi-ty Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to AWS Directory Service. This solution will not work, as SCPs are used to restrict the actions that can be performed by the accounts in an organization, not to manage the accounts themselves1. Also, IAM Identity Center cannot be added to AWS Directory Service, as it is a separate service that connects with Microsoft Active Directory through AWS Directory Service2. Create a new organization in AWS Organizations. Configure the organization’s authentication mechanism to use AWS Directory Service directly. This solution will not work, as AWS Organizations does not have an authentication mechanism that can use AWS Directory Service directly. AWS Organizations relies on IAM Identity Center to provide single sign-on access for the accounts in an organization.
A company collects temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure data in cities across multiple continents. The average volume of data collected per site each day is 500 GB. Each site has a high-speed internet connection. The company's weather forecasting applications are based in a single Region and analyze the data daily.
What is the FASTEST way to aggregate data from all of these global sites?
A. Enable Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration on the destination bucket. Use multipart uploads to directly upload site data to the destination bucket.
B. Upload site data to an Amazon S3 bucket in the closest AWS Region. Use S3 cross- Region replication to copy objects to the destination bucket.
C. Schedule AWS Snowball jobs daily to transfer data to the closest AWS Region. Use S3 cross-Region replication to copy objects to the destination bucket.
D. Upload the data to an Amazon EC2 instance in the closest Region. Store the data in an Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume. Once a day take an EBS snapshot and copy it to the centralized Region. Restore the EBS volume in the centralized Region and run an analysis on the data daily.
A company is looking for a solution that can store video archives in AWS from old news footage. The company needs to minimize costs and will rarely need to restore these files. When the h|es are needed, they must be available in a maximum of five minutes. What is the MOST cost-effective solution?
A. Store the video archives in Amazon S3 Glacier and use Expedited retrievals.
B. Store the video archives in Amazon S3 Glacier and use Standard retrievals.
C. Store the video archives in Amazon S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA).
D. Store the video archives in Amazon S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access (S3 One Zone-IA)
Explanation: Amazon S3 Glacier is a storage class that provides secure, durable, and extremely low- cost storage for data archiving and long-term backup. It is designed for data that is rarely accessed and for which retrieval times of several hours are suitable1. By storing the video archives in Amazon S3 Glacier, the solution can minimize costs. Amazon S3 Glacier offers three options for data retrieval: Expedited, Standard, and Bulk. Expedited retrievals typically return data in 1–5 minutes and are suitable for Active Archive use cases. Standard retrievals typically complete within 3–5 hours and are suitable for less urgent needs. Bulk retrievals typically complete within 5–12 hours and are the lowest-cost retrieval option2. By using Expedited retrievals, the solution can meet the requirement of restoring the files in a maximum of five minutes. Store the video archives in Amazon S3 Glacier and use Standard retrievals. This solution will not meet the requirement of restoring the files in a maximum of five minutes, as Standard retrievals typically complete within 3–5 hours. Store the video archives in Amazon S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA). This solution will not meet the requirement of minimizing costs, as S3 Standard-IA is a storage class that provides low-cost storage for data that is accessed less frequently but requires rapid access when needed. It has a higher storage cost than S3 Glacier. Store the video archives in Amazon S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access (S3 One Zone-IA). This solution will not meet the requirement of minimizing costs, as S3 One Zone-IA is a storage class that provides low-cost storage for data that is accessed less frequently but requires rapid access when needed. It has a higher storage cost than S3 Glacier.
A company performs monthly maintenance on its AWS infrastructure. During these maintenance activities, the company needs to rotate the credentials tor its Amazon ROS tor MySQL databases across multiple AWS Regions
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Store the credentials as secrets in AWS Secrets Manager. Use multi-Region secret replication for the required Regions Configure Secrets Manager to rotate the secrets on a schedule
B. Store the credentials as secrets in AWS Systems Manager by creating a secure string parameter Use multi-Region secret replication for the required Regions Configure Systems Manager to rotate the secrets on a schedule
C. Store the credentials in an Amazon S3 bucket that has server-side encryption (SSE) enabled Use Amazon EventBridge (Amazon CloudWatch Events) to invoke an AWS Lambda function to rotate the credentials
D. Encrypt the credentials as secrets by using AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) multi-Region customer managed keys Store the secrets in an Amazon DynamoDB global table Use an AWS Lambda function to retrieve the secrets from DynamoDB Use the RDS API to rotate the secrets.
A company recently announced the deployment of its retail website to a global audience. The website runs on multiple Amazon EC2 instances behind an Elastic Load Balancer. The instances run in an Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. The company wants to provide its customers with different versions of content based on the devices that the customers use to access the website. Which combination of actions should a solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
A. Configure Amazon CloudFront to cache multiple versions of the content.
B. Configure a host header in a Network Load Balancer to forward traffic to different instances.
C. Configure a Lambda@Edge function to send specific objects to users based on the User-Agent header.
D. Configure AWS Global Accelerator. Forward requests to a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Configure the NLB to set up host-based routing to different EC2 instances.
E. Configure AWS Global Accelerator. Forward requests to a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Configure the NLB to set up path-based routing to different EC2 instances.
Explanation: For C: IMPROVED USER EXPERIENCE Lambda@Edge can help improve your users' experience with your websites and web applications across the world, by letting you personalize content for them without sacrificing performance. Real-time Image Transformation You can customize your users' experience by transforming images on the fly based on the user characteristics. For example, you can resize images based on the viewer's device type—mobile, desktop, or tablet. You can also cache the transformed images at CloudFront Edge locations to further improve performance when delivering images. https://aws.amazon.com/lambda/edge/
A company needs to store its accounting records in Amazon S3. The records must be immediately accessible for 1 year and then must be archived for an additional 9 years. No one at the company, including administrative users and root users, can be able to delete the records during the entire 10-year period. The records must be stored with maximum resiliency.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Store the records in S3 Glacier for the entire 10-year period. Use an access control policy to deny deletion of the records for a period of 10 years.
B. Store the records by using S3 Intelligent-Tiering. Use an IAM policy to deny deletion of the records. After 10 years, change the IAM policy to allow deletion.
C. Use an S3 Lifecycle policy to transition the records from S3 Standard to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 1 year. Use S3 Object Lock in compliance mode for a period of 10 years.
D. Use an S3 Lifecycle policy to transition the records from S3 Standard to S3 One Zone- Infrequent Access (S3 One Zone-IA) after 1 year. Use S3 Object Lock in governance mode for a period of 10 years.
Explanation: To meet the requirements of immediately accessible records for 1 year and then archived for an additional 9 years with maximum resiliency, we can use S3 Lifecycle policy to transition records from S3 Standard to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 1 year. And to ensure that the records cannot be deleted by anyone, including administrative and root users, we can use S3 Object Lock in compliance mode for a period of 10 years. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
A company recently signed a contract with an AWS Managed Service Provider (MSP) Partner for help with an application migration initiative. A solutions architect needs to share an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) from an existing AWS account with the MSP Partner's AWS account. The AMI is backed by Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) and uses a customer managed customer master key (CMK) to encrypt EBS volume snapshots.
What is the MOST secure way for the solutions architect to share the AMI with the MSP Partner's AWS account?
A. Make the encrypted AMI and snapshots publicly available. Modify the CMK's key policy to allow the MSP Partner's AWS account to use the key
B. Modify the launchPermission property of the AMI. Share the AMI with the MSP Partner's AWS account only. Modify the CMK's key policy to allow the MSP Partner's AWS account to use the key.
C. Modify the launchPermission property of the AMI Share the AMI with the MSP Partner's AWS account only. Modify the CMK's key policy to trust a new CMK that is owned by the MSP Partner for encryption.
D. Export the AMI from the source account to an Amazon S3 bucket in the MSP Partner's AWS account. Encrypt the S3 bucket with a CMK that is owned by the MSP Partner Copy and launch the AMI in the MSP Partner's AWS account.
A company has an on-premises server that uses an Oracle database to process and store customer information The company wants to use an AWS database service to achieve higher availability and to improve application performance. The company also wants to offload reporting from its primary database system. Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?
A. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to create an Amazon RDS DB instance in multiple AWS Regions Point the reporting functions toward a separate DB instance from the primary DB instance.
B. Use Amazon RDS in a Single-AZ deployment to create an Oracle database Create a read replica in the same zone as the primary DB instance. Direct the reporting functions to the read replica.
C. Use Amazon RDS deployed in a Multi-AZ cluster deployment to create an Oracle database Direct the reporting functions to use the reader instance in the cluster deployment.
D. Use Amazon RDS deployed in a Multi-AZ instance deployment to create an Amazon Aurora database. Direct the reporting functions to the reader instances.
Explanation: Amazon Aurora is a fully managed relational database that is compatible with MySQL and PostgreSQL. It provides up to five times better performance than MySQL and up to three times better performance than PostgreSQL. It also provides high availability and durability by replicating data across multiple Availability Zones and continuously backing up data to Amazon S31. By using Amazon RDS deployed in a Multi-AZ instance deployment to create an Amazon Aurora database, the solution can achieve higher availability and improve application performance. Amazon Aurora supports read replicas, which are separate instances that share the same underlying storage as the primary instance. Read replicas can be used to offload read-only queries from the primary instance and improve performance. Read replicas can also be used for reporting functions2. By directing the reporting functions to the reader instances, the solution can offload reporting from its primary database system. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to create an Amazon RDS DB instance in multiple AWS Regions Point the reporting functions toward a separate DB instance from the pri-mary DB instance. This solution will not meet the requirement of using an AWS database service, as AWS DMS is a service that helps users migrate databases to AWS, not a database service itself. It also involves creating multiple DB instances in different Regions, which may increase complexity and cost. Use Amazon RDS in a Single-AZ deployment to create an Oracle database Create a read replica in the same zone as the primary DB instance. Direct the reporting functions to the read replica. This solution will not meet the requirement of achieving higher availability, as a Single-AZ deployment does not provide failover protection in case of an Availability Zone outage. It also involves using Oracle as the database engine, which may not provide better performance than Aurora. Use Amazon RDS deployed in a Multi-AZ cluster deployment to create an Oracle database Di-rect the reporting functions to use the reader instance in the cluster deployment. This solution will not meet the requirement of improving application performance, as Oracle may not provide better performance than Aurora. It also involves using a cluster deployment, which is only supported for Aurora, not for Oracle.
A company's applications run on Amazon EC2 instances in Auto Scaling groups. The company notices that its applications experience sudden traffic increases on random days of the week The company wants to maintain application performance during sudden traffic increases. Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Use manual scaling to change the size of the Auto Scaling group.
B. Use predictive scaling to change the size of the Auto Scaling group.
C. Use dynamic scaling to change the size of the Auto Scaling group.
D. Use schedule scaling to change the size of the Auto Scaling group
Explanation: Dynamic scaling is a type of autoscaling that automatically adjusts the number of EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group based on demand or load. It uses CloudWatch alarms to trigger scaling actions when a specified metric crosses a threshold. It can scale out (add instances) or scale in (remove instances) as needed1. By using dynamic scaling, the solution can maintain application performance during sudden traffic increases most cost-effectively. Use manual scaling to change the size of the Auto Scaling group. This solution will not meet the requirement of maintaining application performance during sudden traffic increases, as manual scaling requires users to manually increase or decrease the number of instances through a CLI or console. It does not respond automatically to changes in demand or load2. Use predictive scaling to change the size of the Auto Scaling group. This solution will not meet the requirement of most cost-effectiveness, as predictive scaling uses machine learning and artificial intelligence tools to evaluate traffic loads and anticipate when more or fewer resources are needed. It performs scheduled scaling actions based on the prediction, which may not match the actual demand or load at any given time. Predictive scaling is more suitable for scenarios where there are predictable traffic patterns or known changes in traffic loads3. D. Use schedule scaling to change the size of the Auto Scaling group. This solution will not meet the requirement of maintaining application performance during sudden traffic increases, as schedule scaling performs scaling actions at specific times that users schedule. It does not respond automatically to changes in demand or load. Schedule scaling is more suitable for scenarios where there are predictable traffic drops or spikes at specific times of the day.
A company needs to review its AWS Cloud deployment to ensure that its Amazon S3 buckets do not have unauthorized configuration changes.
What should a solutions architect do to accomplish this goal?
A. Turn on AWS Config with the appropriate rules.
B. Turn on AWS Trusted Advisor with the appropriate checks.
C. Turn on Amazon Inspector with the appropriate assessment template.
D. Turn on Amazon S3 server access logging. Configure Amazon EventBridge (Amazon Cloud Watch Events).
Explanation: To ensure that Amazon S3 buckets do not have unauthorized configuration changes, a solutions architect should turn on AWS Config with the appropriate rules. AWS Config is a service that allows users to audit and assess their AWS resource configurations for compliance with industry standards and internal policies. It provides a detailed view of the resources and their configurations, including information on how the resources are related to each other. By turning on AWS Config with the appropriate rules, users can identify and remediate unauthorized configuration changes to their Amazon S3 buckets.
A company has a serverless website with millions of objects in an Amazon S3 bucket. The company uses the S3 bucket as the origin for an Amazon CloudFront distribution. The company did not set encryption on the S3 bucket before the objects were loaded. A solutions architect needs to enable encryption for all existing objects and for all objects that are added to the S3 bucket in the future. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of effort?
A. Create a new S3 bucket. Turn on the default encryption settings for the new S3 bucket. Download all existing objects to temporary local storage. Upload the objects to the new S3 bucket.
B. Turn on the default encryption settings for the S3 bucket. Use the S3 Inventory feature to create a .csv file that lists the unencrypted objects. Run an S3 Batch Operations job that uses the copy command to encrypt those objects.
C. Create a new encryption key by using AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). Change the settings on the S3 bucket to use server-side encryption with AWS KMS managed encryption keys (SSE-KMS). Turn on versioning for the S3 bucket.
D. Navigate to Amazon S3 in the AWS Management Console. Browse the S3 bucket’s objects. Sort by the encryption field. Select each unencrypted object. Use the Modify button to apply default encryption settings to every unencrypted object in the S3 bucket.
A company wants to migrate its on-premises application to AWS. The application produces output files that vary in size from tens of gigabytes to hundreds of terabytes The application data must be stored in a standard file system structure The company wants a solution that scales automatically, is highly available, and requires minimum operational overhead.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Migrate the application to run as containers on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) Use Amazon S3 for storage
B. Migrate the application to run as containers on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) Use Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) for storage
C. Migrate the application to Amazon EC2 instances in a Multi-AZ Auto Scaling group. Use Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) for storage.
D. Migrate the application to Amazon EC2 instances in a Multi-AZ Auto Scaling group. Use Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) for storage.
Explanation: EFS is a standard file system, it scales automatically and is highly available.
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