Topic 1: Exam Pool A
A solutions architect is developing a multiple-subnet VPC architecture. The solution will consist of six subnets in two Availability Zones. The subnets are defined as public, private and dedicated for databases. Only the Amazon EC2 instances running in the private subnets should be able to access a database.
Which solution meets these requirements?
A. Create a now route table that excludes the route to the public subnets' CIDR blocks. Associate the route table to the database subnets.
B. Create a security group that denies ingress from the security group used by instances in the public subnets. Attach the security group to an Amazon RDS DB instance.
C. Create a security group that allows ingress from the security group used by instances in the private subnets. Attach the security group to an Amazon RDS DB instance.
D. Create a new peering connection between the public subnets and the private subnets. Create a different peering connection between the private subnets and the database subnets.
Explanation: Security groups are stateful. All inbound traffic is blocked by default. If you create an inbound rule allowing traffic in, that traffic is automatically allowed back out again. You cannot block specific IP address using Security groups (instead use Network Access Control Lists).
"You can specify allow rules, but not deny rules." "When you first create a security group, it has no inbound rules. Therefore, no inbound traffic originating from another host to your instance is allowed until you add inbound rules to the security group."
A company uses 50 TB of data for reporting. The company wants to move this data from on premises to AWS A custom application in the company's data center runs a weekly data transformation job. The company plans to pause the application until the data transfer is complete and needs to begin the transfer process as soon as possible.
The data center does not have any available network bandwidth for additional workloads A solutions architect must transfer the data and must configure the transformation job to continue to run in the AWS Cloud
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Use AWS DataSync to move the data Create a custom transformation job by using AWS Glue
B. Order an AWS Snowcone device to move the data Deploy the transformation application to the device
C. Order an AWS Snowball Edge Storage Optimized device. Copy the data to the device. Create a custom transformation job by using AWS Glue
D. Order an AWS Snowball Edge Storage Optimized device that includes Amazon EC2 compute Copy the data to the device Create a new EC2 instance on AWS to run the transformation application
Explanation: AWS Snowball Edge is a type of Snowball device with on-board storage and compute power for select AWS capabilities. Snowball Edge can do local processing and edge- computing workloads in addition to transferring data between your local environment and the AWS Cloud1. Users can order an AWS Snowball Edge Storage Optimized device that includes Amazon EC2 compute to move 50 TB of data from on premises to AWS. The Storage Optimized device has 80 TB of usable storage and 40 vCPUs of compute power2
. Users can copy the data to the device using the AWS OpsHub graphical user interface or the Snowball client command line tool3. Users can also create and run Amazon EC2 instances on the device using Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) that are compatible with the sbe1 instance type. Users can use the Snowball Edge device to transfer the data and run the transformation job locally without using any network bandwidth.
Users can also create a new EC2 instance on AWS to run the transformation application after the data transfer is complete. Amazon EC2 is a web service that provides secure, resizable compute capacity in the cloud. Users can launch an EC2 instance in the same AWS Region where they send their Snowball Edge device and choose an AMI that matches their application requirements. Users can use the EC2 instance to continue running the transformation job in the AWS Cloud.
An image-processing company has a web application that users use to upload images. The application uploads the images into an Amazon S3 bucket. The company has set up S3 event notifications to publish the object creation events to an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) standard queue. The SQS queue serves as the event source for an AWS Lambda function that processes the images and sends the results to users through email.
Users report that they are receiving multiple email messages for every uploaded image. A solutions architect determines that SQS messages are invoking the Lambda function more than once, resulting in multiple email messages.
What should the solutions architect do to resolve this issue with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Set up long polling in the SQS queue by increasing the ReceiveMessage wait time to 30 seconds.
B. Change the SQS standard queue to an SQS FIFO queue. Use the message deduplication ID to discard duplicate messages.
C. Increase the visibility timeout in the SQS queue to a value that is greater than the total of the function timeout and the batch window timeout.
D. Modify the Lambda function to delete each message from the SQS queue immediately after the message is read before processing.
A company is running an SMB file server in its data center. The file server stores large files that are accessed frequently for the first few days after the files are created. After 7 days the files are rarely accessed.
The total data size is increasing and is close to the company's total storage capacity. A solutions architect must increase the company's available storage space without losing low-latency access to the most recently accessed files. The solutions architect must also provide file lifecycle management to avoid future storage issues. Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use AWS DataSync to copy data that is older than 7 days from the SMB file server to AWS.
B. Create an Amazon S3 File Gateway to extend the company's storage space. Create an S3 Lifecycle policy to transition the data to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 7 days.
C. Create an Amazon FSx for Windows File Server file system to extend the company's storage space.
D. Install a utility on each user's computer to access Amazon S3. Create an S3 Lifecycle policy to transition the data to S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval after 7 days.
Explanation: Amazon S3 File Gateway is a hybrid cloud storage service that enables onpremises applications to seamlessly use Amazon S3 cloud storage. It provides a file interface to Amazon S3 and supports SMB and NFS protocols. It also supports S3 Lifecycle policies that can automatically transition data from S3 Standard to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after a specified period of time. This solution will meet the requirements of increasing the company’s available storage space without losing low-latency access to the most recently accessed files and providing file lifecycle management to avoid future storage issues.
A company has a website hosted on AWS. The website is behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that is configured to handle HTTP and HTTPS separately. The company wants to forward all requests to the website so that the requests will use HTTPS.
What should a solutions architect do to meet this requirement?
A. Update the ALB's network ACL to accept only HTTPS traffic
B. Create a rule that replaces the HTTP in the URL with HTTPS.
C. Create a listener rule on the ALB to redirect HTTP traffic to HTTPS.
D. Replace the ALB with a Network Load Balancer configured to use Server Name Indication (SNI).
A company is preparing to launch a public-facing web application in the AWS Cloud. The architecture consists of Amazon EC2 instances within a VPC behind an Elastic Load Balancer (ELB). A third-party service is used for the DNS. The company's solutions architect must recommend a solution to detect and protect against large-scale DDoS attacks.
Which solution meets these requirements?
A. Enable Amazon GuardDuty on the account.
B. Enable Amazon Inspector on the EC2 instances.
C. Enable AWS Shield and assign Amazon Route 53 to it.
D. Enable AWS Shield Advanced and assign the ELB to it.
A solutions architect must design a highly available infrastructure for a website. The website is powered by Windows web servers that run on Amazon EC2 instances. The solutions architect must implement a solution that can mitigate a large-scale DDoS attack that originates from thousands of IP addresses. Downtime is not acceptable for the website.
Which actions should the solutions architect take to protect the website from such an attack? (Select TWO.)
A. Use AWS Shield Advanced to stop the DDoS attack.
B. Configure Amazon GuardDuty to automatically block the attackers.
C. Configure the website to use Amazon CloudFront for both static and dynamic content.
D. Use an AWS Lambda function to automatically add attacker IP addresses to VPC network ACLs.
E. Use EC2 Spot Instances in an Auto Scaling group with a target tracking scaling policy that is set to 80% CPU utilization
A company is designing the network for an online multi-player game. The game uses the UDP networking protocol and will be deployed in eight AWS Regions. The network architecture needs to minimize latency and packet loss to give end users a high-quality gaming experience. Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Set up a transit gateway in each Region. Create inter-Region peering attachments between each transit gateway.
B. Set up AWS Global Accelerator with UDP listeners and endpoint groups in each Region.
C. Set up Amazon CloudFront with UDP turned on. Configure an origin in each Region.
D. Set up a VPC peering mesh between each Region. Turn on UDP for each VPC.
Explanation: The best solution for this situation is option B, setting up AWS Global Accelerator with UDP listeners and endpoint groups in each Region. AWS Global Accelerator is a networking service that improves the availability and performance of internet applications by routing user requests to the nearest AWS Region [1]. It also improves the performance of UDP applications by providing faster, more reliable data transfers with lower latency and fewer packet losses. By setting up UDP listeners and endpoint groups in each Region, Global Accelerator will route traffic to the nearest Region for faster response times and a better user experience.
A social media company is building a feature for its website. The feature will give users the ability to upload photos. The company expects significant increases in demand during large events and must ensure that the website can handle the upload traffic from users. Which solution meets these requirements with the MOST scalability?
A. Upload files from the user's browser to the application servers. Transfer the files to an Amazon S3 bucket.
B. Provision an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway. Upload files directly from the user's browser to the file gateway.
C. Generate Amazon S3 presigned URLs in the application. Upload files directly from the user's browser into an S3 bucket.
D. Provision an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system Upload files directly from the user's browser to the file system.
Explanation: This approach allows users to upload files directly to S3 without passing through the application servers, reducing the load on the application and improving scalability. It leverages the client-side capabilities to handle the file uploads and offloads the processing to S3.
A company runs a photo processing application that needs to frequently upload and download pictures from Amazon S3 buckets that are located in the same AWS Region. A solutions architect has noticed an increased cost in data transfer fees and needs to implement a solution to reduce these costs.
How can the solutions architect meet this requirement?
A. Deploy Amazon API Gateway into a public subnet and adjust the route table to route S3 calls through It.
B. Deploy a NAT gateway into a public subnet and attach an end point policy that allows access to the S3 buckets.
C. Deploy the application Into a public subnet and allow it to route through an internet gateway to access the S3 Buckets
D. Deploy an S3 VPC gateway endpoint into the VPC and attach an endpoint policy that allows access to the S3 buckets.
Explanation: The correct answer is Option D. Deploy an S3 VPC gateway endpoint into the VPC and attach an endpoint policy that allows access to the S3 buckets. By deploying an S3 VPC gateway endpoint, the application can access the S3 buckets over a private network connection within the VPC, eliminating the need for data transfer over the internet. This can help reduce data transfer fees as well as improve the performance of the application. The endpoint policy can be used to specify which S3 buckets the application has access to.
A business application is hosted on Amazon EC2 and uses Amazon S3 for encrypted object storage. The chief information security officer has directed that no application traffic between the two services should traverse the public internet. Which capability should the solutions architect use to meet the compliance requirements?
A. AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS)
B. VPC endpoint
C. Private subnet
D. Virtual private gateway
A company runs an application on Amazon EC2 instances. The company needs to implement a disaster recovery (DR) solution for the application. The DR solution needs to have a recovery time objective (RTO) of less than 4 hours. The DR solution also needs to use the fewest possible AWS resources during normal operations. Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?
A. Create Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) to back up the EC2 instances. Copy the AMIs to a secondary AWS Region. Automate infrastructure deployment in the secondary Region by using AWS Lambda and custom scripts.
B. Create Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) to back up the EC2 instances. Copy the AMIs to a secondary AWS Region. Automate infrastructure deployment in the secondary Region by using AWS CloudFormation.
C. Launch EC2 instances in a secondary AWS Region. Keep the EC2 instances in the secondary Region active at all times.
D. Launch EC2 instances in a secondary Availability Zone. Keep the EC2 instances in the secondary Availability Zone active at all times.
Explanation: it allows the company to implement a disaster recovery (DR) solution for the application that has a recovery time objective (RTO) of less than 4 hours and uses the fewest possible AWS resources during normal operations. By creating Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) to back up the EC2 instances and copying the AMIs to a secondary AWS Region, the company can create point-in-time snapshots of the application and store them in a different geographical location. By automating infrastructure deployment in the secondary Region by using AWS CloudFormation, the company can quickly launch a stack of resources from a template in case of a disaster. This is a cost-effective and operationally efficient way to implement a DR solution for EC2 instances.
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